![]() Under the Caliphate of Córdoba, the city of Córdoba became one of the leading cultural and economic centres throughout the Mediterranean Basin, Europe, and the Islamic world. These boundaries changed constantly through a series of conquests Western historiography has traditionally characterized as the Reconquista, eventually shrinking to the south and finally to the Emirate of Granada.Īs a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph al-Walid I (711–750) the Emirate of Córdoba ( c. ![]() At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and part of present-day southern France ( Septimania) under Umayyad rule. The name describes the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 7. The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Spain, Portugal, and France. ![]() Al-Andalus ( Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس) was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
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